Does the Manuscript Present Information to Advance the State of the Art
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Your Paper Your Way
Nosotros now differentiate between the requirements for new and revised submissions. You may choose to submit your manuscript every bit a single Word or PDF file to be used in the refereeing process. Only when your paper is at the revision stage, volition you be requested to put your paper in to a 'correct format' for acceptance and provide the items required for the publication of your article.
To find out more, please visit the Training section below.
"What is New?" is required for all submissions. Delight upload a dissever document with "What is New?" as the file type HIGHLIGHTS.
INTRODUCTION
The Periodical of Clinical Epidemiology aims at promoting the quality of clinical epidemiologic and patient-oriented health services research through the post-obit: Advocacy and application of innovative methods of conducting and presenting main research; Synthesizing enquiry results; Disseminating results; And translating results into optimal clinical practice with special attending to the training of new generations of scientists and clinical practise leaders.
Contributions are welcomed from whatever pertinent source simply should be written clearly enough to exist understood by scholarly clinical readers and clinical researchers. Pertinent symposia and reviews volition exist considered for publication.
Peter Tugwell, Editor
Laura Fitzpatrick, Editorial Manager
Eastward-mail: ltugwell@uottawa.ca
Website: http://www.jclinepi.com
Submission checklist
You can use this list to carry out a final bank check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. Delight check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more than details.
Ensure that the following items are present:
1 author has been designated equally the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address
All necessary files have been uploaded:
Manuscript:
• Include keywords
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• All tables (including titles, clarification, footnotes)
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• Indicate clearly if colour should be used for whatever figures in impress
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicative)
Supplemental files (where applicable)
Further considerations
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammer checked'
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• A competing interests statement is provided, fifty-fifty if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• Journal policies detailed in this guide take been reviewed
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on periodical requirements
For further information, visit our Support Centre.
Ethics in publishing
Please see our information on Ethics in publishing.
• The Journal endorses the World Health Organization Standards for registration of all homo medical research (http://www.who.int/ictrp). JCE considers original papers reporting results of clinical trials if they take been registered in a clinical trial registry. Authors are asked to provide registration details in the submission letter and the manuscript.
Informed consent and patient details
Studies on patients or volunteers require ethics committee approval and informed consent, which should be documented in the paper. Appropriate consents, permissions and releases must be obtained where an author wishes to include case details or other personal information or images of patients and any other individuals in an Elsevier publication. Written consents must exist retained by the author just copies should not be provided to the periodical. Only if specifically requested by the journal in infrequent circumstances (for example if a legal consequence arises) the writer must provide copies of the consents or prove that such consents have been obtained. For more than information, please review the Elsevier Policy on the Use of Images or Personal Information of Patients or other Individuals. Unless you have written permission from the patient (or, where applicable, the next of kin), the personal details of any patient included in any part of the article and in any supplementary materials (including all illustrations and videos) must be removed earlier submission.
Declaration of interest
All authors must disclose whatever financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests include employment, consultancies, stock buying, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors must disembalm whatever interests in two places: ane. A summary declaration of involvement statement in the championship page file (if double anonymized) or the manuscript file (if single anonymized). If there are no interests to declare and so please country this: 'Declarations of interest: none'. 2. Detailed disclosures as part of a split up Declaration of Interest class, which forms part of the journal'due south official records. It is important for potential interests to be alleged in both places and that the data matches. More data.
Authors may generate a declaration of competing interest statement using this tool and tin upload to the submission organization at the Attach Files pace.
Submission declaration and verification
Submission of an article implies that the work described has non been published previously (except in the class of an abstruse, a published lecture or bookish thesis, encounter 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more data), that information technology is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved past all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the piece of work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it volition not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English language or in whatever other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify originality, your article may be checked by the originality detection service Crossref Similarity Check.
Preprints
Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier'due south sharing policy. Sharing your preprints e.one thousand. on a preprint server will not count every bit prior publication (see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information).
Preprint posting on SSRN
In back up of Open up Science, this journal offers its authors a free preprint posting service. Preprints provide early on registration and broadcasting of your research, which facilitates early on citations and collaboration.
During submission to Editorial Managing director, yous can choose to release your manuscript publicly every bit a preprint on the preprint server SSRN once it enters peer-review with the journal. Your choice volition have no effect on the editorial process or outcome with the journal. Please notation that the respective author is expected to seek approval from all co-authors before agreeing to release the manuscript publicly on SSRN.
You volition exist notified via email when your preprint is posted online and a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is assigned. Your preprint will remain globally available gratis to read whether the journal accepts or rejects your manuscript.
For more data almost posting to SSRN, please consult the SSRN Terms of Use and FAQs.
Use of inclusive language
Inclusive language acknowledges variety, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions almost the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain cipher which might imply that 1 individual is superior to another on the grounds of historic period, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, inability or health status; and employ inclusive linguistic communication throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is complimentary from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant civilisation and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avert using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the utilise of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avert offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We propose using alternatives that are more than appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "main", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant every bit a signal of reference to assistance place appropriate linguistic communication but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
Author contributions
For transparency, we encourage authors to submit an author statement file outlining their individual contributions to the paper using the relevant CRediT roles: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original typhoon; Writing - review & editing. Authorship statements should exist formatted with the names of authors first and CRediT role(s) post-obit. More than details and an example.
AUTHORSHIP
All authors should have made substantial contributions to all of the following: (i) the conception and pattern of the written report, or acquisition of data, or assay and interpretation of data, (2) drafting the commodity or revising it critically for important intellectual content, (iii) final approving of the version to be submitted. A description of the contribution of each individual listed as an author will be requested by the journal at the time of submission.
Registration of clinical trials
Registration in a public trials registry is a status for publication of clinical trials in this journal in accordance with International Commission of Medical Periodical Editors recommendations. Trials must annals at or earlier the onset of patient enrolment. The clinical trial registration number should be included at the end of the abstract of the article. A clinical trial is defined as any enquiry study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or more than wellness-related interventions to evaluate the effects of wellness outcomes. Wellness-related interventions include any intervention used to modify a biomedical or wellness-related outcome (for example drugs, surgical procedures, devices, behavioural treatments, dietary interventions, and process-of-intendance changes). Health outcomes include any biomedical or health-related measures obtained in patients or participants, including pharmacokinetic measures and adverse events. Purely observational studies (those in which the assignment of the medical intervention is not at the discretion of the investigator) will not require registration.
Copyright
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Periodical Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding writer confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' class or a link to the online version of this agreement.
Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or ready lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution exterior the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(due south) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use past authors in these cases.
For gold open admission articles: Upon credence of an article, authors volition be asked to complete a 'License Agreement' (more information). Permitted 3rd party reuse of gilded open access manufactures is determined by the author's choice of user license.
Writer rights
Every bit an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
Elsevier supports responsible sharing
Detect out how you can share your inquiry published in Elsevier journals.
Role of the funding source
You are requested to identify who provided financial back up for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(southward), if any, in report design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the study; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this.
Elsevier Researcher University
Researcher Academy is a free eastward-learning platform designed to support early on and mid-career researchers throughout their inquiry journey. The "Learn" environment at Researcher University offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these complimentary resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.
Language (usage and editing services)
Please write your text in skilful English language (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who experience their English language language manuscript may crave editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to suit to correct scientific English may wish to use the English Language Editing service available from Elsevier'south Author Services.
Submission
Our online submission system guides y'all stepwise through the process of entering your commodity details and uploading your files. The arrangement converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (east.1000., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your commodity for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
Submit your article
Please submit your commodity via https://www.editorialmanager.com/JCEPI/default.aspx.
Article Types and Lengths
The Journal of Clinical Epidemiology accepts submissions for the following article types. Please practice non exceed the maximum discussion count or table/figure limits listed.
- Reviews: 3,000 words, 50 references, 5 figures, v tables
- Original Articles: iii,000 words, 50 references, five figures, v tables
- Messages: 500 words
- Commentaries: ii,500 words, 10 references, two figures, 2 tables.
Referees
Authors are obliged to provide the contact details (including e-mail addresses) of the three or more potential peer reviewers for their manuscript. These should exist experts in their field of study, who will be able to provide an objective assessment of the manuscript. Whatever suggested peer reviewers should not accept published with any of the authors of the manuscript within the by v years and should not be members of the same research institution. Members of the Editorial Lath of the periodical can be nominated. Suggested reviewers will exist considered alongside potential reviewers identified past their publication record or recommended by Editorial Lath members. Please do not propose JCE Editors or Associate Editors as peer reviewers.
Additional Data
Authors' submission items must include a cover letter, suggested reviewers, the manuscript (including title page, abstract, manuscript text, references, and table/figure legends), tables, and figures. Annotation: A Letter of the alphabet to the Editor does not crave an abstract.
The writer(s) should land, in the cover letter of the alphabet, that the submitted fabric has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. If the manuscript has been made bachelor as a preprint, authors must include a link to any publicly available version. If any form of preliminary publication other than an abstract of not more than 400 words has occurred or is being considered, a reprint or manuscript should back-trail the cloth submitted to the Periodical of Clinical Epidemiology.
Supplemental information such as all-encompassing statistical tables, reckoner algorithms and original questionnaires will not be included in the print version of the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, only will exist made available on the web site; the link will be provided in the printed article. Please note: supplemental pieces will non exist copy edited. Authors should state explicitly which tables and figures are spider web-only cloth.
Revised manuscripts should too be accompanied by a unique file (carve up from the covering letter of the alphabet) with responses to reviewers' comments, also as a file with all changes to the original submission tracked.
The preferred order of files is every bit follows: encompass letter of the alphabet, suggested reviewers, response to reviews (revised manuscripts only), manuscript file(s), table(s), figure(south).
Files should exist labelled with advisable and descriptive file names (e.g., SmithText.md, Fig1.eps, Table3.doc). If you have questions during the procedure, please contact the JCE Editorial Offices at anneke.germeraad@hag.unimaas.nl or ltugwell@uottawa.ca.
Manuscripts must be written in English language. Please note that an editable file is needed for production purposes, in the example that your manuscript is accustomed; original source files, not PDF files, are required.
NEW SUBMISSIONS
Submission to this journal proceeds totally online and y'all will exist guided stepwise through the cosmos and uploading of your files. The system automatically converts your files to a single PDF file, which is used in the peer-review process.
As office of the Your Paper Your Mode service, you lot may cull to submit your manuscript equally a single file to be used in the refereeing process. This tin be a PDF file or a Word certificate, in any format or lay-out that tin can be used by referees to evaluate your manuscript. It should incorporate high enough quality figures for refereeing. If you adopt to practise so, you may still provide all or some of the source files at the initial submission. Please note that private figure files larger than 10 MB must exist uploaded separately. "What is New?" is required for all submissions. Delight upload a separate document with "What is New?" equally the file type HIGHLIGHTS.
References
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can exist in any style or format equally long as the mode is consistent. Where applicative, writer(due south) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article championship, year of publication, volume number/volume chapter and the commodity number or pagination must exist nowadays. Utilise of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used past the journal will be applied to the accepted article past Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof phase for the writer to right.
Formatting requirements
There are no strict formatting requirements only all manuscripts must incorporate the essential elements needed to convey your manuscript, for case Abstract, Keywords, Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results, Conclusions, Artwork and Tables with Captions.
If your article includes whatsoever Videos and/or other Supplementary fabric, this should be included in your initial submission for peer review purposes.
Divide the article into clearly defined sections.
Figures and tables embedded in text
Please ensure the figures and the tables included in the single file are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the meridian of the file. The corresponding caption should exist placed straight below the figure or table.
REVIEW AND PRODUCTION PROCESS
Manuscripts are examined by both Editors and two reviewers. Decisions of the Editors are final. All material accepted for publication is subject to re-create-editing. Authors will receive page proofs of their article before publication, and should respond all queries and advisedly check all editorial changes at this point. Authors are urged to check their proofs carefully before render, since late corrections cannot be guaranteed for inclusion in the scheduled issue. Authors are responsible for the specific content of their articles. Reprints may exist purchased using the gild form that is sent with the page proofs. Neither the Editors nor the Publisher have responsibility for the views and statements expressed by authors in their communications.
Peer review
This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions volition be initially assessed past the editor for suitability for the periodical. Papers deemed suitable are so typically sent to a minimum of 2 independent practiced reviewers to appraise the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family unit members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an involvement. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal'due south usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.
REVISED SUBMISSIONS
At revision, a file with tracked changes from the original submission is required. When submitting the revised manuscript, please brand sure that you upload the final version of the newspaper. Please remove the one-time version(s) of the manuscript before submitting the revised version.
Article structure
Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (so one.ane.one, 1.1.2, ...), 1.ii, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering too for internal cross-referencing: practise not only refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a cursory heading. Each heading should announced on its own dissever line.
Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should exist identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given dissever numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Tabular array A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
Essential Title Page Data
• Title. Curtailed and informative. Titles are often used in data-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
JCE has adopted the editorial policy of "more than informative titles" (MITs) that crisply and concisely tell our readers what our authors found in their inquiry. A MIT states the study type and summarizes its central findings, using the by tense for individual studies and the present tense for systematic reviews. Although nosotros are set to assist authors in generating MITs for their work, we encourage them to submit draft MITs with their original submissions.
• Writer names and affiliations. Where the family name may be cryptic (east.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was washed) beneath the names. Signal all affiliations with a lower-case superscript alphabetic character immediately after the writer's name and in front of the advisable accost. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the land proper name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly signal who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that phone numbers (with country and surface area code) are provided in improver to the e-mail accost and the consummate postal address. Contact details must be kept up to date past the corresponding author.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the commodity was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author'due south proper noun. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the primary, amalgamation address. Superscript Standard arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
Highlights
Highlights are optional yet highly encouraged for this journal, as they increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the examples here: example Highlights.
Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file proper name and include three to v bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).
Abstract
Each original article must have an abstract/summary not exceeding 200 words. Abstracts must be structured with the post-obit headings: Objective, Study Blueprint and Setting, Results, and Decision. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand up alone. For this reason, References should exist avoided, simply if essential, then cite the author(southward) and twelvemonth(southward). As well, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be divers at their outset mention in the abstract itself. Double-space abstracts, and print them on a separate page. Abstracts not in compliance with this format volition be returned to the authors for revision. The lesser of the abstract page should list half-dozen key words (index-appropriate terms), a running title and a word count.
Graphical abstruse
Although a graphical abstract is optional, its use is encouraged every bit information technology draws more attending to the online article. The graphical abstract should summarize the contents of the article in a concise, pictorial class designed to capture the attention of a wide readership. Graphical abstracts should exist submitted every bit a separate file in the online submission organization. Paradigm size: Please provide an epitome with a minimum of 531 × 1328 pixels (h × w) or proportionally more. The image should be readable at a size of 5 × thirteen cm using a regular screen resolution of 96 dpi. Preferred file types: TIFF, EPS, PDF or MS Part files. You lot can view Instance Graphical Abstracts on our data site.
Authors can make use of Elsevier'southward Illustration Services to ensure the best presentation of their images and in accordance with all technical requirements.
Keywords
Immediately after the abstruse, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for instance, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
What is new?
• Authors are asked to provide a text box entitled "What is new" that summarized what this paper adds to the existing literature, with up to v items/points addressing the following areas:
Key findings
What this adds to what is known
What is the implication, what should change at present
Please place this box below the abstruse just before the introduction of your newspaper and upload every bit a separate document every bit the required file type HIGHLIGHTS during submission.
Abbreviations
Well-known abbreviations (e.g., Deoxyribonucleic acid, EKG) may be used without definition; all others must be defined when first used. Units of measurement should exist used in accordance with current custom and acceptability. Generic names of drugs are preferred; a proprietary name may be used if its generic equivalent is identified.
Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate department at the terminate of the article before the references and do non, therefore, include them on the title page, equally a footnote to the title or otherwise. Listing here those individuals who provided assist during the research (e.g., providing linguistic communication help, writing aid or proof reading the article, etc.).
Formatting of funding sources
List funding sources in this standard manner to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:
Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Nib & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].
It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or blazon of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources bachelor to a university, college, or other enquiry institution, submit the proper noun of the institute or organization that provided the funding.
If no funding has been provided for the research, information technology is recommended to include the following sentence:
This research did non receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-for-profit sectors.
Units
Follow internationally accustomed rules and conventions: use the international arrangement of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.
Correct Apply of Statistical Methods
The correct use of statistical methods is paramount for a proper interrogation and interpretation of study information. In that location are several checklists available that can be used to help authors. 1 checklist establish to be helpful is from the Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/ManuscriptChecklist) and nosotros refer authors submitting articles to the JCE to this checklist. The list covers general statistical problems, filtering, missing data, multiple comparison problems, multivariate modeling problems, employ of imprecise language, graphics, tables, and other areas.
Footnotes
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the commodity. Many word processors build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Should this non be the case, indicate the position of footnotes in the text and present the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the commodity.
Artwork
Please ensure your tables and figures adhere to the guidance provided in the Common issues in tables and figures checklist.
See also the following resource from Maarten Boers on improving figures and tables:
- Serial of short videos
- Article on tables
- Commodity on graphs
Illustrations include charts, drawings, graphs, and photographs. Charts, drawings and graphs must be computer-generated and should use a Sans-serif typeface (e.thousand., Arial). Number figures consecutively in the social club they are to announced in the text (e.g., Fig. 1, Fig. ii, Fig. 3, etc.). Figures should exist uploaded as dissever files, not embedded in the manuscript file. TIFF, EPS, or PDF are the preferred file formats. MS Office files (Word, Excel, and PowerPoint) are likewise accepted. The following image file formats are not acceptable because they are low resolution: JPG, GIF, ONG, PCX, PNG, and XBM. Effigy resolution for pixel-based images should be at to the lowest degree ane,200 dpi for line fine art (east.g., graphs, menstruation charts) or 500 dpi for photographs, micrographs, CT scans, and related images. Color images should use CMYK colour mode.
Boosted instructions for the electronic submission of artwork can exist found https://www.elsevier.com/authors/author-schemas/artwork-and-media-instructions. You lot are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, delight 'save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as 'graphics'.
TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always employ a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of m dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (colour or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
Please practice not:
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (due east.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low.
• Supply files that are likewise low in resolution.
• Submit graphics that are unduly large for the content.
If any table or figure has been published previously, a copy of the letter of permission from the copyright holder must accompany the manuscript. The original source of the tabular array or figure should exist acknowledged in full reference form in the reference department of the manuscript. The figure legend (or table footnotes) should conclude with "Reprinted with permission" followed by the appropriate reference number. Authors are responsible for applying for permission for both print and electronic rights for all borrowed materials, and they are responsible for paying whatever fees related to the application of these permissions.
Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Preferred fonts: Arial (or Helvetica), Times New Roman (or Times), Symbol, Courier.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Indicate per figure if it is a single, 1.v or 2-column plumbing fixtures prototype.
• For Word submissions only, you may yet provide figures and their captions, and tables inside a single file at the revision phase.
• Please note that individual figure files larger than 10 MB must be provided in split up source files.
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is bachelor.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'salvage as' or convert the images to 1 of the post-obit formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given beneath):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text every bit 'graphics'.
TIFF (or JPG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones): ever use a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPG): Combinations bitmapped line/one-half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.
Delight do not:
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (east.yard., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is besides low.
• Supply files that are besides low in resolution.
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately big for the content.
Color artwork
Please brand sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF), or MS Office files) and with the right resolution. If, together with your accepted commodity, yous submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.one thousand., ScienceDirect and other sites) regardless of whether or not these illustrations are reproduced in colour in the printed version. For color reproduction in print, you will receive information regarding the costs from Elsevier after receipt of your accepted article. Please indicate your preference for color: in print or online only. Farther data on the grooming of electronic artwork.
Illustration services
Elsevier'south Author Services offers Illustration Services to authors preparing to submit a manuscript but concerned well-nigh the quality of the images accompanying their commodity. Elsevier's skillful illustrators can produce scientific, technical and medical-fashion images, as well as a full range of charts, tables and graphs. Prototype 'polishing' is also bachelor, where our illustrators take your image(s) and improve them to a professional standard. Delight visit the website to find out more.
Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. A caption should contain a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum only explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
Tables
Delight refer to Maarten Boers' guidance on proper formatting and principles for constructive tables.
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the cease. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avert using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
Figures and Tables accompanying manuscripts should not exceed a total of half dozen and should be numbered and provided with suitable legends, in a carve up electronic file. Practise not insert vertical lines in tables. Include a title for each table. Number tables consecutively inside the manuscript (Table one, Tabular array 2, Tabular array three, etc.). Utilise asterisks (*, **, ***) for P values and otherwise use standard citation superscript symbols (*, †, ‡, § . . .). Authors should identify footnotes in order, reading from left to right and height to bottom, and should begin a new series of footnotes for each table. Footnotes should not appear in table titles. Lengthy tables should exist avoided as they might exist too large to be reproduced in print. However, they may exist submitted as a web-simply appendix.
References
Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must exist given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are non recommended in the reference list, only may exist mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication engagement with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal advice'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the particular has been accepted for publication.
Reference links
Increased discoverability of research and high quality peer review are ensured by online links to the sources cited. In lodge to allow usa to create links to abstracting and indexing services, such every bit Scopus, CrossRef and PubMed, please ensure that information provided in the references are correct. Please note that incorrect surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination may prevent link creation. When copying references, please be careful equally they may already contain errors. Use of the DOI is highly encouraged.
A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can employ information technology equally a permanent link to any electronic article. An case of a citation using DOI for an article not however in an outcome is: VanDecar J.C., Russo R.K., James D.Due east., Ambeh Due west.B., Franke K. (2003). Aseismic continuation of the Lesser Antilles slab below northeastern Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Inquiry, https://doi.org/x.1029/2001JB000884. Please note the format of such citations should be in the aforementioned style as all other references in the paper.
Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should exist given and the date when the reference was terminal accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should besides exist given. Web references can exist listed separately (e.g., afterward the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or tin exist included in the reference listing.
Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author proper name(s), dataset championship, data repository, version (where available), yr, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately earlier the reference and so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will non appear in your published commodity.
Reference direction software
Well-nigh Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the well-nigh pop reference direction software products. These include all products that back up Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate periodical template when preparing their commodity, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal'due south style. If no template is still bachelor for this periodical, delight follow the format of the sample references and citations every bit shown in this Guide. If you use reference direction software, please ensure that you remove all field codes earlier submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.
Reference formatting
At that place are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References tin be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicative, author(s) name(southward), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the periodical volition exist applied to the accepted article past Elsevier at the proof phase. Note that missing data volition be highlighted at proof stage for the writer to right. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should exist arranged according to the following examples:
Reference style
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors tin be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always exist given.
List: Number the references (numbers in foursquare brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
Examples:
Reference to a journal publication:
[one] Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The fine art of writing a scientific article. J Sci Commun 2010;163:51–9. https://doi.org/ten.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
[two] Van der Geer J, Hanraads JAJ, Lupton RA. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 2018;19:e00205. https://doi.org/ten.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205
Reference to a book:
[three] Strunk Jr W, White EB. The elements of way. 4th ed. New York: Longman; 2000.
Reference to a affiliate in an edited book:
[4] Mettam GR, Adams LB. How to prepare an electronic version of your article. In: Jones BS, Smith RZ, editors. Introduction to the electronic age, New York: E-Publishing Inc; 2009, p. 281–304.
Reference to a website:
[5] Cancer Enquiry Uk. Cancer statistics reports for the UK, http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/; 2003 [accessed thirteen March 2003].
Reference to a dataset:
[dataset] [6] Oguro K, Imahiro Southward, Saito Southward, Nakashizuka T. Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding woods compositions, Mendeley Data, v1; 2015. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
Note shortened form for terminal folio number. e.g., 51–9, and that for more than vi authors the first half-dozen should be listed followed by 'et al.' For farther details you are referred to 'Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts submitted to Biomedical Journals' (J Am Med Assoc 1997;277:927–34) (come across also Samples of Formatted References).
Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.
Video
Elsevier accepts video material and blitheness sequences to support and enhance your scientific enquiry. Authors who have video or blitheness files that they wish to submit with their commodity are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the trunk of the article. This can be done in the same way equally a figure or table past referring to the video or animation content and noting in the trunk text where information technology should exist placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled and then that they directly chronicle to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is straight usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per file, ane GB in full. Video and blitheness files supplied volition be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you tin can cull any frame from the video or animation or brand a divide epitome. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video didactics pages. Annotation: since video and animation cannot exist embedded in the print version of the journal, delight provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the commodity that refer to this content.
Information visualization
Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data visualization options and how to include them with your article.
Supplementary material
Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, tin can be published with your article to heighten it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear every bit such online). Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If yous wish to make changes to supplementary material during whatever phase of the process, please make certain to provide an updated file. Do not comment whatsoever corrections on a previous version. Delight switch off the 'Track Changes' option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version.
Research data
This journal encourages and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the information with your published manufactures. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings. To facilitate reproducibility and data reuse, this periodical also encourages you to share your software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.
Below are a number of ways in which you tin can associate data with your commodity or make a statement almost the availability of your information when submitting your manuscript. If you are sharing data in one of these means, you are encouraged to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Delight refer to the "References" section for more information virtually data citation. For more data on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant inquiry materials, visit the inquiry data page.
Information linking
If you have made your research information available in a data repository, yous can link your commodity straight to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link manufactures on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers admission to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described.
There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, y'all can directly link your dataset to your commodity past providing the relevant data in the submission system. For more than information, visit the database linking page.
For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published commodity on ScienceDirect.
In addition, you tin link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).
Mendeley Information
This journal supports Mendeley Data, enabling you to eolith whatsoever inquiry data (including raw and processed information, video, code, software, algorithms, protocols, and methods) associated with your manuscript in a free-to-use, open access repository. During the submission process, afterwards uploading your manuscript, you will have the opportunity to upload your relevant datasets directly to Mendeley Information. The datasets will be listed and directly accessible to readers next to your published commodity online.
For more information, visit the Mendeley Information for journals page.
Information in Brief
You lot have the option of converting any or all parts of your supplementary or boosted raw information into a information commodity published in Data in Cursory. A data article is a new kind of article that ensures that your data are actively reviewed, curated, formatted, indexed, given a DOI and made publicly available to all upon publication (scout this video describing the benefits of publishing your data in Data in Brief). You lot are encouraged to submit your data commodity for Data in Brief every bit an additional item direct aslope the revised version of your manuscript. If your inquiry article is accepted, your data article volition automatically be transferred over to Data in Brief where it volition be editorially reviewed, published open admission and linked to your research article on ScienceDirect. Please note an open access fee is payable for publication in Data in Cursory. Full details tin be constitute on the Data in Brief website. Please use this template to write your Data in Brief data article.
Data statement
To foster transparency, we encourage you to state the availability of your data in your submission. This may be a requirement of your funding body or establishment. If your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to mail, you will have the opportunity to indicate why during the submission process, for example by stating that the enquiry data is confidential. The argument will appear with your published commodity on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Argument folio.
Online proof correction
To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide usa with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an email with a link to our online proofing system, assuasive annotation and correction of proofs online. The surround is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you tin besides comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-decumbent procedure by assuasive you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
If preferred, y'all tin all the same choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing volition be given in the email we send to authors, including culling methods to the online version and PDF.
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the commodity as accepted for publication will simply be considered at this phase with permission from the Editor. Information technology is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to united states in one communication. Delight bank check carefully before replying, as inclusion of whatever subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
Offprints
The corresponding author volition, at no price, receive a customized Share Link providing 50 days costless admission to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. The Share Link tin be used for sharing the commodity via any advice channel, including e-mail and social media. For an extra charge, newspaper offprints can exist ordered via the offprint order form which is sent in one case the article is accepted for publication. Both respective and co-authors may club offprints at whatever fourth dimension via Elsevier's Writer Services. Corresponding authors who have published their article gold open access do not receive a Share Link as their concluding published version of the article is bachelor open access on ScienceDirect and tin be shared through the article DOI link.
Source: https://www.elsevier.com/journals/journal-of-clinical-epidemiology/0895-4356/guide-for-authors
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